Research into cinematography - miss Miller

What is cinematography? 

Cinematography is the art or science of motion picture photography. It is the technique of film photography, including both the shooting and development of the film. The cinematographer could also be referred to as the film director's main visual collaborator. I am going to analyse a sequence from a nightmare on elm street (kris' death), commenting on the many various cinematography techniques used (URL Link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ISzAuk-2NYs).

In the opening part of the sequence, as the girl is awakening from her sleep a extreme close up is used as soon as she opens her eyes. As this is at the beginning of the segment, the extreme close up is most probably used to draw attention to the girl. It could all so connote that to the viewer that she is going to be involved a lot in the following sequence. She is the main focus of the sequence as she is the core of the creation of emotion and feelings as she is portrayed as being an innocent girl who is soon to become the victim of an attack of the antagonist. This is conventional to the thriller as the scene centers around the girl being in chase by the antagonist, through the use of various different types of cinematography portraying her in such a way to make the viewer create a relationship between the character and feeling towards whats on screen.

When the girl steps foot outside her garden door in search of her dog, her point of view (POV) is used.  POV is used in this sequence to show the viewer what the person on screen is seeing, which creates a connection between both character and viewer. The connection made between viewer and character makes the viewer feel sympathy as it makes them feel as if they are in the same position and are experiencing what the character on screen is feeling,  by doing so emphasing the feeling of empathy thrust upon the viewer. This is convention for the thriller genre as a relationship has been created between viewer and character, the viewer appreciates the bad situation the character is going through and feels sorry for them, wanting them to get out of the situation unharmed. Due to this, the producer has enabled it so the viewer is on edge at this point, building suspense and tension.

As the girl is running away from the killer near the middle segment of the sequence, a handheld camera is used to film her running away. This could be used to create urgency as she is being chased in the scene. The jerky movements caused by the use of the handheld further adds to the urgency. This makes the viewer feel on edge, and feel the same sense of urgency that the character is portrayed as having. This is conventional to the thriller genre as the urgancy created allows for surprise for the viewer, as the contrast between the stableness of the camera after this scene further emphases the situation as the contrast makes the viewer fully aknowledge the scene previously, and also the scene before the use of a handheld is slower paced and contains slow editing, further showing the contrast between the urgancy of the scenes.

Throughout the majority of the segment, the camera remains at eye level with the girl. This could be used to engage the audience with the girl at all times, in doing so keeping them on edge throughout the entire sequence. The times in which eye level is broke is parts in which frightening things occur and often the music in the background would stop, creating jump scares for the audience. It also makes it easier to pull off jump scares as the main focus is directly on the girl. This is conventional to the thriller genre as the surprise experienced by the viewer, caused by the engagment of the viewer. Surprise is an important element within thriller films, being a main thriller conventional, and the use of other thriller conventions such as the build up in tension and suspense in segements beforehand through the use of cinematography accompinied alongside the eerie background music allows for a thrilling experience.

When the girl seems to be possessed on the bed, fast editing changes from high angle shots to regular shots. The use of the high angle shots shows that she is vulnarable and connotes that something is about to happen, which does only seconds later, foreshadowing to the audience of events to come. This makes the viewer feel sympathy for the girl as she is portrayed as being vulnerable, followed by the gory scenes to follow, which creates emotion for the audience and a sympathetic atmosphere. This is conventional to the thriller genre as the use of a high angle is frequent within thriller films and to the same effect, as it builds up tension and suspense as it connotes to the viewer that the person being portrayed within the shot (often a attractive female) is in danger.

Evaluation

The different types  of cinematography described are used in thriller movies to create suspense, tension, surprise, shock and other feelings (including creating a relationship between the viewer and characters). This research will help me in the near future when I go to create my own thriller sequence as I can use the elements I have described and incorporate them into my own style of work. All of the elements that I have analysed I believe do create all of the feelings mentioned above however, the main piece of research I have gathered from this which I am almost certainly going to use for my own thriller sequence is "hand held" as it is very conventional in terms of the use for creating meaning within a thriller sequence, and I do believe it creates a feeling of urgancy and suspense affectively.

Research into mise - en - scene - miss Georgiou

What is mise-en-scene?

Mise-en-scène is an expression used to describe the design aspects of a theatre or film production (essentially a visual theme or telling a story) visually artfully through storyboarding, cinematography and stage design, and in poetically artful ways through direction.

Se7en - sloth scene

I am analysing the sloth scene in se7en as it contains all of the main elements of miss-en-scene, the purpose being because this scene has all the elements which I intend to include in my own thriller sequence.

Lighting and colour 

The lighting and colour in the sequence changes throughout the sequence. When the swat team burst into the building, the lighting instantly goes pitch black; the only light emitting from the guns which the swat team members are holding. This could possibly be used attract more attention to the weapons (iconography). The entire sequence in which this takes place has a eerie atmosphere due to the only lights coming from the previously mentioned source and from the curtains later on in the scene (back light). This could also be used to connote to the reader that someone thing is about to happen, an example for foreshadowing as something bad has occurred. 

Facial expressions

The facial expression and body language is used in the sequence to indicate to the reader who is significant in the sequence. When all of the swat members and other characters are going up the stairs of the building, the facial expressions of the swat members can't be seen due to the dark shadows and lack of lighting, however once the detectives travel up the stairs, a light is shone on to there face, making there facial expression visible - showing a serious expression. The body language of everyone in the sequence is very uptight also, which could imply to the viewer that the following segment in the film is of importance. The lack of faces being seen until the body is found at the end of the sequence (minus the part with the detectives mentioned previously) could be an example of foreshadowing also as it is very dark and eerie, and as the only faces shown up to that point are of the detectives which could of been done to show that they are a key part of the sequence.

Settings and iconography 

The setting of the scene is of a low lit building, with a very dark atmosphere with shadows contrasting from the lack of light. It contains many pieces of typical film iconography also,  an example of this is the weather in the sequence (raining). Rain is used in this scene to create a dark and dense atmosphere, which implies to the viewer that something bad is going to occur (which could also be an example of foreshadowing). Before the body is found at the end of the sequence, an array of air fresheners are visible before seeing the body which could also be an example of foreshadowing being used as only seconds later a body is found (used to freshen the stench).

Costume, Hair and makeup

No strong/visible makeup seems to be in the sequence until the scene in which the sloth victim is found, as before entrance of the room all faces that have screen time do not appear to be wearing makeup. As the scene is very dark due to little light, it would seem the reason as to why they are not wearing makeup as all small details and imperfections are not visible (if it was a well lit scene, almost certainly more makeup would be used). Another possible reason for the lack of makeup could be so that the sloth victim (which is wearing a lot of body makeup) seems more realistic as it could have a unconscious affect on the viewer as no makeup had been used up to that point.

During the sequence, every character is wearing a costume which connects to law and enforcement (swat team and detectives). As later in the scene the body of the victim is found, the presence of the characters in the scene foreshadow that an incident has occurred, and it creates criminal like atmosphere doing this also.

positioning of the characters (objects within the frame)

The positioning for objects within the frame can draw attention to the importance of an object, an example of this is used during the later part of the sequence. Slightly before the discovery of the sloth victim, air fresheners are focused on for segments, and is featured in the background of scenes where there not. This could be used to foreshadow the discovery of the victim (as the air fresheners would be used to cover the odour). This is supported by the fact that all of the characters in this part of the sequence are shown standing around the bed, in which both the air fresherners and characters are in the shot.

How will the research assist me when planning for my own thriller sequence

All of the different elements of mes-un-scene that I have discussed I intend to use when I go to create my own thriller sequence.  The main aspects that I will try to encorparate into my thriller movie more so will be "lighting and colour" and "facial expressions and body language" as I believe they are the most essential when it comes to creating a thriller atmosphere. 

Research into the BBFC - Miss Miller

British board of film classification

The British Board of Film Classification (BBFC) was founded in 1912 and was created for the purpose of evaluating film titles and giving them ratings in terms of age cencersorship. Its primary purpose is to classify videos however, on some some instances video games also are evaluated and given age restrictions (since 2010).

U certification

The U symbol stands for Universal. A U film should be suitable for audiences aged four years and over. An issue with trying to make a film suitable for children under the age of 4 is that different things upset different children, so what is suitable for one child may not be suitable for an other. U certificate films have no bad language (although on some instances mild language can be used), nudity or any adult themes as it is a certificate catered towards everyone, including very young children so the atmospheres of the films are often tame and mild. An example of a U certificate rated movie is "Monsters Inc". Monster Inc is an animation based around a city full of monsters with no humans called Monstropolis centers. Allthough the majority of the characters are monsters which many would think that children would found frightening and unsettling, they are portrayed as being tough yet loveable. The main character is a furry blue behemoth-like giant monster named James P. Sullivan (better known as Sulley), and his wisecracking best friend, Mike Wazowski who adds a comedy element to the movie, making the tough seeming main character seen in a comical light.  It also features a 2-year-old baby girl dubbed "Boo," who befriends the two said monsters by accidentally sneaking into the monster world with Sulley one night. The relationship between both child and monsters could in-fact be beneficial towards younger viewers as it will lessen there childhood fear of monsters. There are occasional scenes of violence, although the conflicts are resolved quickly. As mentioned prior, the plot and theme is very comical and silly, therefore it is suitable for all ages. In a few scenes the characters hug to show affection for each other however there are no sexual scenes or elements, or any drug references or anything of an adult nature, therefore the movie fits the U certificate. 

PG certification

PG stands for Parental Guidance. This means a film is suitable for general viewing and essentially suitable for people of all ages, although some scenes may be unsuitable for young children, therefore the parents of the children that wish to watch a PG rated film must consider if the content is suitable for there child. A PG film should not unsettle a child aged around eight or older. An example of a PG certificate film is "Toy Story" (the original). "Toy Story" is about A little boy named Andy who loves toys, especially his doll named "Woody" however, as he is not aware, his toys come to life when he is not present. Toy story is another example of an animation in which the plot/story focuses around a child and animated characters. The story contains some conflicts (such as the one between woody and buzz), although they are not of a very violent nature as they only contains a segment or two of bodily violence. Some scenes have mild language in, although the majority do not. There are no references to sex or drugs, or anything of an adult nature as the film is catered towards a young audience, as the film is based around a boy and his toys. For this reason I do believe that "Toy Story" fits the PG age certificate as it is suitable for young children, although not every child due to the theme. 

12/12a certification

Films classified 12A and 12 contain material that is not suitable for children aged under 12. The only way for a child which is 12 or younger to watch a 12A movie is to be accompanied by an adult. If an adult of a child which does wish to watch a 12A film  should consider whether the film is suitable for there child as some scenes may me unsettling. They often contain a scene or two that have strong language in, and can have mature/adult themed elements. An example of a 12/12a certificate film is "super 8". The film is about a group of friends in the summer of 1979 in the USA (small Ohio town) who witness a catastrophic train crash while making a super 8 movie and soon suspect that it was not an accident. The train accident scene is a 5 minute segment of all CGI violence, in which all of the 12/12A elements are all in one segment (apart from the horror aspect that is mainly focused near the later end of the film). Children aged under 12 could find that scene unsettling as it contains a high level of violence and the occasional piece of bad language. Shortly after the  unusual disappearances and inexplicable events begin to take place in town, the introduction of the intergalactic monster/being is introduced. There is only a handful of scenes in which the full body of the monster is shown, in such scenes some children under the age of 12 could find unsettling. The opening segment of the film however very is innocent and is mainly diologue between children of a town, therefore the scene falls under the 12A category as some scenes are explicit and unsettling, whereas they are in short supply.

15 certification

No-one under the age of 15 is allowed to see a 15  rated film at the cinema, and is unable to purchase/ rent one in store. 15 certificate films are in no way suitable for children under 15 years of age as they can contain scenes of nudity or of a sexual nature, have strong language throughout many scenes and have high levels of gore and violence. An example of a 15 certificate film is "The shawshank redemption". "The shawshank redemption" is about Andy Dufresne, who is a young and successful banker whose life changes drastically when he is convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment for the murder of his wife and her lover. Set in the 1940's, the film shows how Andy, with the help of his friend Red, the prison entrepreneur, turns out to be a most unconventional prisoner. The setting and theme of the film fits in with the 15 age certification as it is based in a prison in which someone is false accused of murder and treated in a horrific way, as does the other prisons in the film which connects to violence aspect in the film, which is constant throughout (typical to 15 certificate films). The film contains strong language as the overwhelming majority of characters in the film are convicts, therefore they are portrayed as being violent in nature and use bad language. The film doesn't however have any nudity or any reference to sex. It also doesn't contain any references to drugs either. It is a 15 certificate more so because of the constant adult theme, accompanied by strong language and violence, therefore it fits into the 15 certificate as those aged 14 and under will find the film unsettling in some way.

18 certification

Films rated 18 are caterered towards an adult audience. No-one under 18 is allowed to see an 18 film at the cinema, and is unable to purchase a 18 certificate film. The themes in 18 rated movies vary as there are few limits as to what they are aloud to broadcast. They often contain very strong language, strong blood and horror and (occasionally) real sex and nudity, drug use and other elements.  An example of an 18 certificate movie is "Robocop". The film is  based in Detroit during a crime ridden future, run by a massive company that have developed a huge crime-fighting robot, which unfortunately develops a rather dangerous glitch. The company sees a way to get back in favor with the public when a cop called Alex Murphy is killed by a street gang. Murphy's body is reconstructed within a steel shell and named RoboCop. The RoboCop is very successful against criminals, and becomes a target of super villain Boddicker. "Robocop" contains very heavy drug abuse throughout the film, alongside very strong language throughout, of which that is only acceptable in films with an 18 certificate. The scenes in which robocop is fighting criminals are of a very violent nature also. It contains adult themes that are in no way suitable for anyone under the age of 18, paired alongside the drug abuse, language and violence makes it fit into the 18 certificate category. 

Conclusion

I believe the research I have gathered will be very beneficial once I go to create my own thriller sequence as the BBFC age certifications a very important aspect of any movie, as they establish wether or not a film is suitable and can be viewed by for someone of a certain age, by doing so protecting them from possible psychological distress. Thanks to this, I will be aware as to what I can include in my thriller sequence without going over my intended age certificate rating, in which I will now be able to decide upon as I'm aware as to the content they contain. I can now distinguish  between what elements are in certain certificate films, and am now aware as too what crosses the line between different certificate films, so when I decide what certificate I want my own film segment will be, I will know what I can and cannot include too suit whatever audience it is catered towards.

History of thriller films - Miss Geogiou

History of thriller films 

Definition of the genre thriller 

The thriller genre consists of many elements, such as literature, film, and television programming that uses  suspense, tension, and excitement as its main elements. Thrillers heavily stimulate the viewer's moods, building up high levels of tension and anticipation, ultra-heightened expectation, uncertainty, surprise, anxiety and terror. Films of this genre tend to be adrenaline-rushing, gritty, rousing and fast-paced.

A thriller is meant to provide sudden rushes of emotion, excitement, and exhilaration that drive the narrative aspect of the film, with inconsistent changes in pace to keep the viewer on edge. Literary devices such as cliffhangers are often used. A thriller is usually a villain-driven plot, whereby he or she presents obstacles that the protagonist must overcome.

Sub genres of thriller films 

- psychological thrillers

- crime thrillers, 

- erotic thrillers

- mystery thrillers

- spy thrillers 

Critically acclaimed thriller films 

According to an IMDB list of the 100 top thrillers (http://www.imdb.com/list/ls009668314/), the toll ranges from swordfish at the number 100 spot, to Pulp fiction at the number 1 spot 

Top 20 box office thriller movies in 2013 via the-numbers.com

Number 1 spot gravity does not target a specific audience compared to that of spring breakers (number 20), therefore that could be the reason for such a huge interest in gravity in comparison. Over 31 million tickets for gravity were sold from the year 2013 onwards compared to spring breakers which only sold just over 1.5 million tickets. This huge contrast shows that appealing to a wider audience rather than a particular group (spring breakers is catered towards teenagers) can benefit the popularity and overall success of a production.

Thriller movie 1940s (Sorry, wrong number 1948)

Sorry, Wrong Number is a 1948 American suspense film noir directed by Anatole Litvak and starring Barbara Stanwyck and Burt Lancaster. It tells the story of a woman who overhears a murder plot. The film was adapted by Lucille Fletcher from her 1943 radio play.

Analyse of a scene within the film
URL link - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s4AzrUO3D1w

While the man is on the phone in the phone box, an unknown man comes into the frame through the use of an over the shoulder shot, in which the music changes drastically, becoming gradually more intense as the scene progresses. This could be done to emphasis the importance of the unknown man has on the situation, connoting that he is a possible threat due to the use of background music (tense instrumental) to portray him. The drastic change in background music emphasises a change in intensity during the scene, making the audience feel on edge as they are made aware that something is about to occur. This is conventional to the thriller genre as the drastic change in music builds up both tension and suspense, two main thriller conventions, in which it makes the audience feel on edge throughout the sequence.

Slow editing is used during the segment in which the girl victim is on the phone and sees that someone is walking up the stairs, as she shows how distressed she is over the phone and through her facial expressions and is unable to move. This could be done so that the audience feel on edge and tension and suspense in built up as this particularly part of the sequence, it foreshadows that she is going to die due to the climax of the music and the zooming into the face of the girl.

At the very end of the sequence in which the girl has been murdered (implied as it is not shown), the camera zooms in to a close up of the phone, in which the killer answers with a response which is the same as the title of the film "sorry, wrong number". This could be done to emphasis the importance of the phone, as what is said links back to the concept and title of the film, as it is centered around a phone call, in which it also ends on which.

Throughout the segment, the victim of such is a young female, which is conventional to the thriller genre and has stayed persistent throughout generations of film. This is done as it makes the viewer create a relationship between  it makes the viewer feel sympathy for her. Due to this, it enables the producer to keep the viewer on edge by placing the girl in a position of danger, in which enabling for a build up in tension and suspense

Thriller movie 1960s (Psycho 1960)

Psycho is a 1960 American horror/thriller film directed by Alfred Hitchcock starring Anthony Perkins, Vera Miles, John Gavin, and Janet Leigh. The screenplay is by Joseph Stefano, based on the 1959 novel of the same name by Robert Blochloosely. 

^{Analyse of a scene within the film}

URL link - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0WtDmbr9xyY

Throughout the sequence, the victim is a young attractive girl, similar to that of in "sorry, wrong number", showing that as the film industry progressed, some conventions within thriller films remain the same and are used to the same effect. The use of a young female victim is that throughout the film the viewer builds a relationship between said character, in which enabling the producer to exploit this to the effect of creating feelings such as surprise, so that when the victim is in a position of danger, it makes the viewer feel sympathy for them as the viewer wants them to get out of the situation unharmed. This is a very common convention present within many thriller films, as the antagonist of the narratives are often male and the other males within are often portrayed as strong.

Before the antagonist attacks the soon to be victim, the camera slowly zooms into the antagonist. The antagonists face cannot be seen and has a hidden identity throughout the film. By doing so, an enigma is created in which the viewer is unaware as to the details on the antagonist, creating tension and suspense when he is on screen as they are unaware as to the motives of the character and the details of the antagonist. The use of creating an enigma through hiding the identity of the antagonist is conventional to the thriller genre, and has been present throughout the years of thriller films however, it is not a convention which is present throughout all thrillers, such as the use of low key lighting or high angles for an example.

While the young woman is bathing in the shower near the beginning part of the sequence,  before the antagonist is introduced, a high angle is used while doing so. By showing a high angle shortly before the antagonist enters the frame, it foreshadows the events to come as the girl is portrayed as being alone and vulnerable, as the antagonist kills her only moments later. Due to this, it builds up both tension and suspense for the audience as she is portrayed in such a way, by doing so keeping the viewer on edge, waiting for the events to follow. The use of a high angle is conventional to the thriller genre and has been used throughout the generations to the same affect, often portraying a potential female victim, showing her in a vulnerable light as seen throughout this segment. 

While the woman is in the shower, the antagonist is shown in the background near the middle  segment of the clip, in which when he comes into frame the music changes as he enters behind the curtain, as the camera zooms into him in the background. By doing both, the change in music and camera zooming in draws significance towards the character, showing his importance within the scene. Drawing significance towards him creates tension and suspense as he has a hidden identity, therefore his identity and motives are unknown.

Thriller movie 1980s (The hand 1981)

The Hand is a 1981 psychological horror film written and directed by Oliver Stone, based on the novel The Lizard's Tail by Marc Brandell. The film stars Michael Caine and Andrea Marcovicci. Caine plays Jon Lansdale, a comic book artist who loses his hand, which in turn takes on a murderous life of its own. 


^{Analyse of a scene within the film (trailer)}
URL link - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ot9eFrTpjdA

The trailer of the 1981 film, "The hand" contains many conventions which are present throughout the thriller genre, including those of previous generations which continue be used throughout the years. The trailer itself is very dark and portrays the film as having a dark nature tp which, supported by the individual conventions within.

As it is a trailer, montage editing is used to transition from one clip to another. The use of montage editing makes the trailer itself very quick and fast past, showing hmos significant parts from within the film. It makes the visuals on screen very fast, creating surprise for the viewer as the shots are taking place very fast.

Throughout the entire trailer, low key lighting is present throughout the scene at most instances. The use of low key lighting creates a very dark and eerie atmosphere, by doing so connoting to the viewer that the nature of the film is quite dark and has dark themes to such. By doing so, this builds up tension and suspense for the viewer due to the atmosphere created. The use of low key lighting is present throughout thriller films through the generations and is a very common convention used throughout the genre in general.

During the trailer, the majority of facial expressions which can be seen are very serious and stern. This is often shown through the use of an extreme/close up. Through using close up and extreme close up to show the facial expressions, it makes them clearer and easy to view, emphasising them. As the only faces shown are stern and serious, it implies that the theme of the film is serious.

While the credits play throughout the trailer, the title of the film accompanied by the lead actor Michael Cain, the colour of the font is bloodshot red. The credits themselves are shown near the middle segment of the trailer. The use of using a bloodshot red as the colour of the text creates a connection between the title of the film and main character and blood and gore, do to the common ossification between red and blood. It also connotes to the viewer that bad things are going to take place throughout the film due to red also being associate with such. Using red as the colour font is conventional to thriller films of this nature due to the nature of the film and the themes displayed throughout.

Thriller movie 2000s to present (Inception 2010)

Inception is a 2010 science fiction heist film written, produced, and directed by Christopher Nolan. The film stars a large ensemble cast that includes Leonardo DiCaprio, Ellen Page, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, Marion Cotillard, Ken Watanabe, Tom Hardy, Dileep Rao, Cillian Murphy, Tom Berenger, and Michael Caine. DiCaprio plays Dom Cobb, a professional thief who commits corporate espionage by infiltrating the subconscious of his targets. He is offered a chance of redemption as payment for a task considered to be impossible: "inception", the implantation of another person's idea into a target's subconscious.

Analyse of a scene within the film

URL link - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pvDba2nMv_U  (zero gravity fight scene)

Within the zero gravity scene in Inception, the use of sound is the primary source in the creation of thriller conventions, as it alters the feelings of the viewer due to the different variations used throughout and used at different segments in the scene, in which all to different affect, be that the creation of suspense and tension, leading to surprise for the viewer. 

At the very beginning of the sequence, the only sound that can be heard is of the world shaking (in all of the individual dream worlds), which is an example of non- diegetic sound as the first few seconds in the segment are edited (both visuals and audio) after filming as the screen is shown shaking which implies that the audio has been edited in after filming as well. It is also an example of offscreen sound as it can't be seen as to where the sound is coming from (as it has been edited in).  This is most probably done at the start of the scene to add to the surreal atmosphere which is already present though out the film, and it would be incredibly costly and unnecessary to make the sound diegetic, as it adds a mystery element to the sequence. It also establishes what is about to occur in the following scenes (thrilling sequences) as this is the only audio that can be heard, establishing the atmosphere.  This is convectional to a thriller as the audio at the beginning of the sequence alerts the viewer as to what to expect in the following scenes, and the noise heard is of a violent nature which is suited as the scenes to follow contain fighting segments.

As soon as an unknown person comes into frame just as he walks past in the elevator, the background music (non-digetic and offscreen sound) picks ups instantly. The drastic change in music could be used to connote to the viewer that the unknown man is a threat. This scene creates suspense as the up come to the encounter is through a long empty corridor which could also connote that he is about to be attacked. This is supported by the fact that the unknown man is shown behind the other man, which shows that he is possibly vulnerable to such an attack. This is conventional in thriller films as it creates high levels of suspense for the viewer as the visuals on scene suggest that something is about to happen, accompanied by the suspenseful music makes a deadly combo in creating atmosphere suitable for a thriller sequence.

During many segments in the scene, the timing of shots is edited so that it is going at a slower pace; by doing so adding an emotional impact to the viewer. This type of editing is used in-between parts in which there is a lot of action on screen, the contrast in excitement from one scene to the drama created from the slowing of the parts makes the faster past segments even more exciting because of the contrast created. The use of slowing the timing of the shot creates a psychological impact for the viewer, which is conventional as the film comes under the psychological sub - genre. 

The lighting within the scene varies as back light is used during the fighting scene, whereas outside the building the light is low lit and very dull. Low key lighting is a common feature amongst films within the thriller genre. As the lighting within the scene isn't fully low key, and contains back light it conveys to the audience that something bad could happen if the actions within this particular scene do not go well, by implying such this creates suspense and tension, two of the main thriller conventions.